(10) minimize the disturbances to the prevailing hydrologic balance at the mine-site and in associated offsite areas and to the quality and quantity of water in surface and ground water systems both during and after surface coal mining operations and during reclamation by – 

(A) avoiding acid or other toxic mine drainage by such measures as, but not limited to – 

(i) preventing or removing water from contact with toxic producing deposits; 

(ii) treating drainage to reduce toxic content which adversely affects downstream water upon being released to water courses;

The Administrator or the State may only issue a permit pursuant to paragraph (1) if the applicant demonstrates to the satisfaction of the Administrator or the State, as the case may be, that the coal remining operation will result in the potential for improved water quality from the remining operation but in no event shall such a permit allow the pH level of any discharge, and in no event shall such a permit allow the discharges of iron and manganese, to exceed the levels being discharged from the remined area before the coal remining operation begins. No discharge from, or affected by, the remining operation shall exceed State water quality standards established under section 1313 of this title.

(A) Coal remining operation: The term ‘‘coal remining operation’’ means a coal mining operation which begins after February 4, 1987 at a site on which coal mining was conducted before August 3, 1977.

(B) Remined area: The term ‘‘remined area’’ means only that area of any coal remining operation on which coal mining was conducted before August 3, 1977.

SMCRA - Section 515 – Environmental Protection Performance Standards [30 U.S.C. 1265]

(8) create, if authorized in the approved mining and reclamation plan and permit, permanent impoundments of water on mining sites as part of reclamation activities only when it is adequately demonstrated that – 

(A) the size of the impoundment is adequate for its intended purposes; 

(B) the impoundment dam construction will be so designed as to achieve necessary stability with an adequate margin of safety compatible with that of structures constructed under Public Law 83-566 (16 U.S.C. 1006); 

© the quality of impounded water will be suitable on a permanent basis for its intended use and that discharges from the impoundment will not degrade the water quality below water quality standards established pursuant to applicable Federal and State law in the receiving stream; 

(D) the level of water will be reasonably stable; 

(E) final grading will provide adequate safety and access for proposed water users; and 

(F) such water impoundments will not result in the diminution of the quality or quantity of water utilized by adjacent or surrounding landowners for agricultural, industrial, recreational, or domestic uses;

4.10.a.7. Drainage ditches shall be constructed and maintained to prevent uncontrolled drainage over the road surface and embankment; 

5.1. Natural Drainways. Natural drainways in the permit area shall be kept free of overburden except where overburden placement has been approved. Overburden placement and haulageways constructed across natural drainways shall not materially increase the sediment load, or materially affect stream quality. 

5.4.a. All runoff from the disturbed area shall pass through a sedimentation control system. All such systems or other water retaining structures used in association with the mining operation shall be designed, constructed, located, maintained, and used in accordance with this rule and in such a manner as to minimize adverse hydrologic impacts in the permit and adjacent areas, to prevent material damage outside the permit area and to assure safety to the public. 

[Sediment control structures must] 5.4.b.7. Be cleaned out when the sediment accumulation reaches sixty percent (60%) of design capacity. Clean-out elevation shall be to a level so as to restore design storage capacity as indicated on plans submitted for each structure. Sediment removal and disposal shall be done in a manner and at a frequency that minimizes adverse impacts on surface and groundwater quality.