_this page is a work in progress!_ What can we do with environmental data to understand it and communicate with it? There are some first things we can do with data to get an idea of what’s happening, like plotting a sensor measurement against time. Then there’s ways we can present environmental data so that it communicates something meaningful, spurs advocacy, and [avoids reducing real environmental harms to a data point](https://publiclab.org/notes/warren/07-01-2014/reimagining-the-data-lifecycle). There are also plenty of ways to present data and tell a story with it. We can visualize data with graphs, charts, maps, art, and other interactive media. We can also use [non-visual ways](https://publiclab.org/notes/lilybui/10-16-2014/visualizing-riffle-ito-data#Why+I), like sound and touch. We’re collecting resources below on kinds of environmental data and ways to present it--please add to this page to improve it and make it more helpful! Creative ideas that go beyond trend lines or bar graphs are super welcome and appreciated!
## Kinds of environmental data you might have Environmental data can come in many forms depending on how and where you collect it! Here are some common examples: ### Measurements from sensors + Data collected **continuously over time** from a sensor that stays in one place. + _Example_: an air quality monitor placed outside your home that measures particulate matter concentrations every 10 seconds 24 hours a day + _Data you’ll have_: date/time, environmental measurements. Potentially lots of data if the sensor is capturing data frequently. + Data collected **intermittently** (at certain times of the day) at a single location or at several different locations + _Example_: a portable water quality sensor taken to different locations along a stream every morning for several months + _Data you’ll have_: date/time, environmental measurements, location (maybe noted manually, separate from the sensor data).
### Measurements from collected samples + **[Grab samples](https://publiclab.org/notes/kgradow1/05-30-2020/whole-air-sampling)** + _Example_: an air bucket monitor taken to a landfill site soon after nearby residents report strong odors. The monitor collects an air sample at a specific location and time and is analyzed in a lab. + _Data you’ll have_: environmental measurements for a sample, reported from the testing lab. Each sample measurement is associated with a sampling location and time (or, an average measurement if you’ve mixed samples from different locations and times). If you haven’t started collecting data yet, check out some guidance on [designing an environmental study](https://publiclab.org/wiki/start-enviro-monitor-study)---the design step is where you figure out where and when to collect data based on the specific questions you have about a local concern. There’s also more information on sampled data and continuous monitoring data in the “[Types of Samples](https://publiclab.org/wiki/start-enviro-monitor-study#Types+of+Samples)” section.
## Ways to present environmental data ### Scatter plots and trend lines Show how a measurement changes against another kind of measure (called a variable). Often, this can be how something you measured in your environment changes over time. scatter plot icon _[Flaticon](http://www.flaticon.com) from [Freepik](https://www.freepik.com)_ _Example 1._ Scatter plot showing particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations measured by an air quality sensor in an apartment building. Each black dot is an individual measurement. The PM concentrations spike during a fireworks celebration. Data from @LESBreathe. LESBreathe_PM25_July4 _Air quality data from @LESBreathe_
_Example 2._ A 2-day average trendline showing dissolved oxygen (DO) in treated wastewater, measured by a sensor. The DO goes up and down throughout the day, spiking when air is injected into the water and decreasing as sewage-cleaning bacteria use it up. ORP DO sensor measurements _Dissolved oxygen (DO) and redox potential (ORP) sensor data from treated wastewater, by @jesseslone in this comment_ _More examples_ + [Pollutants before and after shelter in place](https://www.elichens.com/blog-posts/2020/6/15/impact-of-covid-19-on-air-quality-in-san-francisco) + Time series does not have to be linear! Here is an [example visualizing Jakarta’s air quality](https://public.tableau.com/app/profile/rangga.rahadian/viz/JKTAQI/Dashboard1) in the form of a calendar **Trends with respect to measures other than time** + See “Effect of City Size on Air Pollution” chart from [American Pollution](https://jamesbudarz.com/2018/07/30/american-pollution/)
### Bar graphs Show how measurements vary among different categories _Example 1._
### Maps Show how measurements vary by location _Examples_: + [Storymap: Visualizing Violations of Environmental Justice Spatial Inequalities of Health and Pollution Exposure in Southwest Detroit](https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/66cb46d9eb394990adfa5ceef4a48bbd) + Tree equity map: [example from Seattle, WA](https://treeequityscore.org/map/#11/47.6148/-122.3284) + [Workshop guide: Mapping soil data](https://publiclab.org/notes/kgradow1/12-31-2020/workshop-guide-mapping-data) by @kgradow1
### Additional ways to present data + Using [emojis](http://datacanvas.org/project/emojicity/) to communicate air quality scores + Correlating [sky color](https://crimson-to-salmon.interactivethings.io/) to air quality Audio Others?
## Tools for data visualization and presentation + [REal TIme Geospatial Data Viewer (RETIGO)](https://www.epa.gov/hesc/real-time-geospatial-data-viewer-retigo): "a free, web-based tool that can be used to explore environmental data that you have collected either stationary or in motion (e.g., air quality sensors added to a bike)," from the US EPA. + https://publiclab.org/notes/warren/02-17-2017/environmental-data-management-analysis-tools
## More resources on understanding and presenting data + [Statistics for Action activities](https://sfa.terc.edu/materials/activities.html) + [Rstudio Talk: The Glamour of Graphics](https://www.rstudio.com/resources/rstudioconf-2020/the-glamour-of-graphics/): A talk at the 2020 RStudio conference covering design principles to make charts more persuasive and more accurately perceived.