This page includes resources for facilitation for meetings, and decision making processes. Please edit and add!
###Before your meeting:
- Find a meeting time that works for people you want to attend. A [doodle poll](https://beta.doodle.com/) can be a good tool for setting a meeting time.
- Find a meeting space that can accommodate your group and make everyone comfortable. Some important things to consider are the size of your group, how you want the room setup and if the space will be accessible for everyone (handicap accessible, non-binary bathrooms)
- Set and send an agenda. This helps people know what to expect and what you're hoping to accomplish in person.
###Meeting ground rules
Ground rules are really helpful for meetings. It's important that people buy into the ground rules before meetings start and that everyone has the chance to weigh in and add others they see as being important. Below is a list of some ground rules that can be helpful:
- **Ask for clarification** - Anyone can ask for clarification at the meeting. This helps to make sure everyone stays on the same page, that no one is misunderstood, and that no one is left out by simple things such as acronyms that could be clarified.
- **Consider best intentions** - By setting up a mental frame that everyone is coming to the meeting space with the best intentions, and that comments said there were said with good intentions, helps participants to contemplate what is said, consider positive frames and ensures that no one is jumping to negative conclusions.
- **Be constructive with comments not destructive** - ensure that people are building on conversations and ideas instead of taking them down. It's okay to disagree, but disagree in a constructive way.
- **Be a steward of the time and space** - when everyone is a steward of the time and space, it takes the pressure off the person or group who might be facilitating. When everyone takes ownership of the space, participants can help with things like note taking, time keeping, and keeping the meeting space clean.
- **Be fully present** - When you go to an event or a meeting, you dedicate time to that issue. It's important to recognize for yourself that you've done that and to recognize that others in the room have done it as well. To be fully present means that participants are listening, interacting, and not allowing themselves to be distracted by things like email or cell phones.
- **Use stack** - Keeping stack in a meeting can be a useful tool for helping to make sure that everyone is heard and we're not losing people in the conversation. Stack is a list of people who wish to speak on the topic. One strategy in stack is to bump people to the top of the list who haven't spoken before. This method needs someone to volunteer to "keep Stack." Note: do not get in Stack simply to indicate agreement, instead....
- **Snap or wave fingers to show agreement instead of adding voice** - Often times in meetings when we want to show that we are in agreement, we have a tendency to get back in the speaker queue to repeat things others have already said. One strategy you can use to show support is to snap or wave your fingers instead of using your voice.
- **Limit turns to one minute, and one (new) topic at a time** - Limit speaker time to give everyone a chance to speak who wants to. Within that minute, ensure that only one point is made by the speaker, to make sure the discussion doesn't lose coherence.
- **Call for a minute break** At any time, anyone can call for a minute break. Good for when the discussion is heating up too much.
- **Keep track of the topics to circle back to** - Meeting agendas can derail when we realize we have things to talk about other than what we've set out to do. It's important to keep track of things you want to circle back to, but recognize when it's off topic. It's important to allow the group to keep a list of these and offer time to circle back to these issues. Sometimes this strategy is called the "Parking Lot" or the "Bike Lot" as in "_let's write down that idea and put it in the bike lot._"
Resources on Ground Rules:
- [“Jemez Principles” for democratic organizing](http://www.ejnet.org/ej/jemez.pdf)
###Facilitation and Decision Making Models
**Collaborative decision making methods:**
- [Spokes Council Model](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spokescouncil)
Good pic at Used by the Occupy movement--[good pic here](http://www.occupylv.org/spokes-council-organizing-affinity-groups). Representatives from Working Groups (or Affinity Groups) meet in a Spokes Council. Does not presume a particular decision making method for the Spokes Council -- it could be consensus, voting, whatever.
- [Sociocracy](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociocracy)_Consensus processes like Quakers. However, if the group can't reach a decision, a smaller group (say, 5 or 6 out a a group of 40) would be delegated to reach a decision. _
- University of Michigan's [Facilitating Collaborative Public Decisions](http://seas.umich.edu/ecomgt/mlpavideo/)
**Voting:**
- [Consensus Decision-Making via Voting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consensus_decision-making#Decision_rules) [Other resources here](https://publiclab.org/system/images/photos/000/020/663/original/CODM_cheat_sheet.pdf)
- Summary of Statement-Based Process (current method)* Members may present public statements, motions, or open letters and encourage others to sign them, as is sometimes done by university faculties
* Members may then say "x % of organizers signed a statement that ..." or "the undersigned ..."
* Very difficult to reach 100%; most statements will presumably be signed by a [possibly small] subset of organizers
Pros:* nobody may speak for anyone else without their signed affirmation
* anyone may write a statement and circulate it for support at any time; minimal "process"
* no veto; dissenting members cannot stop others from writing or signing statements
Cons:* essentially nonbinding: a statement does not speak for the Organizers group as a body unless it has 100% of its membership signed
- Summary of Voting Process (a proposed method)*** Would require us to pick a threshold for binding agreement. 75% has been suggested. There is also strong support for 90% from organizers experienced with consensus.
* If X% of organizers vote for a motion, it is adopted by the Organizers group
* Equivalent to >(100-X)% must vote against *or simply not vote* to block
* Members asked to respect the outcome of the vote -- but may of course voice dissent personally, i.e. "I voted against it, but agree to abide by it."
- [The Union system, as established by the International Worker's Association](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Workers%27_Association#Organization)If you wanted to push a change to the overall organization, you'd first put it first through your "Local," Local Union, or possibly even chapter--[Mondragon](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mondragon_Corporation) in Spain is a famous example.
###Types of Facilitation resources
- [The World Cafe Method](http://www.theworldcafe.com/key-concepts-resources/world-cafe-method/)
- [Facilitation Skills Training Manual from USAID](https://publiclab.org/system/images/photos/000/020/662/original/FACILITATION_SKILLS_TRAINING_Manual.pdf)
- [Anti-Opressive Facitation from the Aorta Collective](https://publiclab.org/system/images/photos/000/020/664/original/Aeorta_facilitation_resource_sheet.pdf)
- Parliamentary procedure: [Roberts Rules of Order: Parliamentary procedure.](http://www.rulesonline.com/). IE: what you can expect to see at your local town hall meeting.
###Handbooks
**Come Hell or High Water: A Handbook on Collective Process Gone Awry** Book published by AK Press. http://www.akpress.org/comehellorhighwater.html
"Helps individuals navigate the world of egalitarian, directly democratic groups. From their experiences working with egalitarian and anarchist organizations, Delfina Vannucci and Richard Singer offer a street-level view of how social relationships and power work"
###Online Discussion/Decision Making Platforms:
- http://loomio.org/
- https://pol.is/
- http://www.discourse.org/
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