****
##Purpose##
Chemists use [expensive tools called spectrometers](/notes/warren/11-30-2011/visible-light-spectrometer-2660-4-7nm-bandwidth) (there are several kinds) to analyze unknown solid or liquid samples.
We are working on a cheap version which we hope to use **to identify oil contamination in water and soil**, as well as a range of other possible toxins.
Spectrometers can also be used to identify species of plants or crop diseases, assess plumes from smokestacks, and have many other applications.
###What's spectrometry?###
What we perceive as a single color consists of multiple blended colors- just as green paint can be made from mixing yellow and blue paint. A spectrometer is a device that splits light into the various colors it is composed of, which we otherwise cannot distinguish with the naked eye. By viewing a substance through a spectrometer, one can distinguish the exact mixture of colors, which correspond to specific wavelengths of light. These can be compared to other spectra to help identify the sample.
##Make a spectrometer
The Public Lab Spectrometer is a Do-it-Yourself device made from simple materials:
* stiff black card paper
* a clean DVD-R
* a USB webcam (preferably HD)
* a [Type LB conduit body](https://www.google.com/search?tbm=shop&hl=en&q=Type%20LB%20conduit%20body#hl=en&tbm=shop&sclient=psy-ab&q=1%22+Type+LB+conduit+body&oq=1%22+Type+LB+conduit+body&gs_l=serp.3...8504.9389.0.10294.3.3.0.0.0.0.146.268.2j1.3.0...0.0...1c.1._1s3sfnlTV0&pbx=1&bav=on.2,or.r_gc.r_pw.r_cp.r_qf.&bvm=bv.1355325884,d.dmQ&fp=b488542866f9ec12&bpcl=39967673&biw=1265&bih=702) (basically a light-proof box with a couple holes)
* double-sided foam tape and a box cutter/x-acto knife
The DVD's tightly packed grooves act as a diffraction grating -- basically a prism.
###[Spectrometer construction »](/wiki/spectrometer-construction)
The above link offers step-by-step instructions on making your own spectrometer. It features:
* around 400-900 nanometer range, maybe wider (what you can see with the naked eye, plus some infrared)
* 5-10 nm spectral resolution
* 20-30 samples per second
* ~ $15 in materials
* < 1 hour construction time
* [open-source software](/wiki/spectral-workbench)
Though these specs look pretty good, they still need to be compared rigorously with a traditional laboratory spectrometer. Are you interested in trying it?
###Uses for open source spectrometry###
As we ship to the different [Kickstarter backers](http://www.kickstarter.com/projects/jywarren/public-lab-diy-spectrometry-kit), we are [posting how people have said they plan to use their spectrometers](http://publiclab.org/wiki/how-kickstarter-backers-will-use-spectrometer).
One group of toxins common to fossil fuel contamination are PAHs, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, which are generally carcinogenic. We're trying to develop a step-by-step experimental procedure to prepare a soil or water sample, shine a full-spectrum light (like a halogen lamp) through it, and detect the missing wavelengths.
If you're interested, please chip in to develop and document a consistent way to read samples here:
###[Spectrometer usage »](/wiki/spectral-workbench-usage)###
We're also putting together a list of research (some of it our own) to draw upon in developing spectral analysis techniques for anything from soil to grapes to coffee:
###[Spectral Analysis »](/wiki/spectral-analysis)###
###Online spectral analysis###
Along with the physical tool itself, the PLOTS community has also developed a [software suite and online database](https://spectralworkbench.org) which allows anyone to upload their data and work with others to try to interpret it. These tools are early prototypes and we're looking for help developing them.
Finally, a FAQ with some insights about actually *using* your spectrometer can be found here:[Spectrometer FAQ](http://www.publiclab.org/wiki/spectrometer-faq)
###Advanced topics
* [Analyzing concentration of a sample](/notes/straylight/05-13-2013/using-the-spectroscope-for-analysis-of-concentration-beer-s-law)
##Goals##
This is an early-stage, speculative project, but our goals include:
* Identify a contaminant in a sample, like a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon -- i.e. [naphthalene, anthracene or tetracene](http://publiclab.org/notes/warren/8-5-2011/uv-visible-spectral-features-benzine-and-some-pahs). Tetracene has absorption bands well into the visible range.
** one strategy is [emission spectroscopy](/wiki/uv-emission-sampling)
* Identify a plant species by its spectrum. (see [this helpful paper by Zomer et al](https://publiclab.org/sites/default/files/Zomer_2009.PDF)) Or perhaps a mineral, using the [ASTER spectral library](http://archive.publiclaboratory.org/aster-spectral-library/)
* Try to identify something in a smokestack plume, like a refinery plume
###Older designs###
Several [older designs](/wiki/tube-spectrometer) have been documented on this site. Guides have been made showing you how to make some of these; they include:
* [plots-spectrometer-guide-small.pdf](http://www.publiclaboratory.org/sites/default/files/plots-spectrometer-guide-small.pdf) - by the PLOTS team for our workshop at the Whitney Museum
* [Make a Spectrometer.pdf](http://www.publiclaboratory.org/sites/default/files/Make%20a%20Spectrometer.pdf) - by Alex McCarthy
* [partsandcrafts-spectrometer-guide.pdf](http://archive.publiclaboratory.org/download/partsandcrafts-spectrometer-guide.pdf) - by [Parts and Crafts](http://partsandcrafts.org/) (21mb, print quality)
###Spectrometers in popular culture###
_____
The [Homebrew Sensing Project](http://publiclab.org/notes/Shannon/01-14-2014/public-lab-launches-new-initiative-to-affordably-detect-pollutants-with-open-hardware-tools) is made possible by the generous support of the [John S. and James L. Knight Foundation](http://knightfoundation.org/), Knight News Challenge: Health.
[](http://knightfoundation.org)
###What's spectrometry?###
What we perceive as a single color consists of multiple blended colors- just as green paint can be made from mixing yellow and blue paint. A spectrometer is a device that splits light into the various colors it is composed of, which we otherwise cannot distinguish with the naked eye. By viewing a substance through a spectrometer, one can distinguish the exact mixture of colors, which correspond to specific wavelengths of light. These can be compared to other spectra to help identify the sample.
##Make a spectrometer
The Public Lab Spectrometer is a Do-it-Yourself device made from simple materials:
* stiff black card paper
* a clean DVD-R
* a USB webcam (preferably HD)
* a [Type LB conduit body](https://www.google.com/search?tbm=shop&hl=en&q=Type%20LB%20conduit%20body#hl=en&tbm=shop&sclient=psy-ab&q=1%22+Type+LB+conduit+body&oq=1%22+Type+LB+conduit+body&gs_l=serp.3...8504.9389.0.10294.3.3.0.0.0.0.146.268.2j1.3.0...0.0...1c.1._1s3sfnlTV0&pbx=1&bav=on.2,or.r_gc.r_pw.r_cp.r_qf.&bvm=bv.1355325884,d.dmQ&fp=b488542866f9ec12&bpcl=39967673&biw=1265&bih=702) (basically a light-proof box with a couple holes)
* double-sided foam tape and a box cutter/x-acto knife
The DVD's tightly packed grooves act as a diffraction grating -- basically a prism.
###[Spectrometer construction »](/wiki/spectrometer-construction)
The above link offers step-by-step instructions on making your own spectrometer. It features:
* around 400-900 nanometer range, maybe wider (what you can see with the naked eye, plus some infrared)
* 5-10 nm spectral resolution
* 20-30 samples per second
* ~ $15 in materials
* < 1 hour construction time
* [open-source software](/wiki/spectral-workbench)
Though these specs look pretty good, they still need to be compared rigorously with a traditional laboratory spectrometer. Are you interested in trying it?
###Uses for open source spectrometry###
As we ship to the different [Kickstarter backers](http://www.kickstarter.com/projects/jywarren/public-lab-diy-spectrometry-kit), we are [posting how people have said they plan to use their spectrometers](http://publiclab.org/wiki/how-kickstarter-backers-will-use-spectrometer).
One group of toxins common to fossil fuel contamination are PAHs, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, which are generally carcinogenic. We're trying to develop a step-by-step experimental procedure to prepare a soil or water sample, shine a full-spectrum light (like a halogen lamp) through it, and detect the missing wavelengths.
If you're interested, please chip in to develop and document a consistent way to read samples here:
###[Spectrometer usage »](/wiki/spectral-workbench-usage)###
We're also putting together a list of research (some of it our own) to draw upon in developing spectral analysis techniques for anything from soil to grapes to coffee:
###[Spectral Analysis »](/wiki/spectral-analysis)###
###Online spectral analysis###
Along with the physical tool itself, the PLOTS community has also developed a [software suite and online database](https://spectralworkbench.org) which allows anyone to upload their data and work with others to try to interpret it. These tools are early prototypes and we're looking for help developing them.
Finally, a FAQ with some insights about actually *using* your spectrometer can be found here:[Spectrometer FAQ](http://www.publiclab.org/wiki/spectrometer-faq)
###Advanced topics
* [Analyzing concentration of a sample](/notes/straylight/05-13-2013/using-the-spectroscope-for-analysis-of-concentration-beer-s-law)
##Goals##
This is an early-stage, speculative project, but our goals include:
* Identify a contaminant in a sample, like a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon -- i.e. [naphthalene, anthracene or tetracene](http://publiclab.org/notes/warren/8-5-2011/uv-visible-spectral-features-benzine-and-some-pahs). Tetracene has absorption bands well into the visible range.
** one strategy is [emission spectroscopy](/wiki/uv-emission-sampling)
* Identify a plant species by its spectrum. (see [this helpful paper by Zomer et al](https://publiclab.org/sites/default/files/Zomer_2009.PDF)) Or perhaps a mineral, using the [ASTER spectral library](http://archive.publiclaboratory.org/aster-spectral-library/)
* Try to identify something in a smokestack plume, like a refinery plume
###Older designs###
Several [older designs](/wiki/tube-spectrometer) have been documented on this site. Guides have been made showing you how to make some of these; they include:
* [plots-spectrometer-guide-small.pdf](http://www.publiclaboratory.org/sites/default/files/plots-spectrometer-guide-small.pdf) - by the PLOTS team for our workshop at the Whitney Museum
* [Make a Spectrometer.pdf](http://www.publiclaboratory.org/sites/default/files/Make%20a%20Spectrometer.pdf) - by Alex McCarthy
* [partsandcrafts-spectrometer-guide.pdf](http://archive.publiclaboratory.org/download/partsandcrafts-spectrometer-guide.pdf) - by [Parts and Crafts](http://partsandcrafts.org/) (21mb, print quality)
###Spectrometers in popular culture###
_____
The [Homebrew Sensing Project](http://publiclab.org/notes/Shannon/01-14-2014/public-lab-launches-new-initiative-to-affordably-detect-pollutants-with-open-hardware-tools) is made possible by the generous support of the [John S. and James L. Knight Foundation](http://knightfoundation.org/), Knight News Challenge: Health.
[](http://knightfoundation.org)
